Apparatus for cooling an exhaust manifold



Feb. 16, 1965 1 1.' BENJAMEN APPARATUS FOR comme AN mmAUsT MANIFoLn Filed-March 29, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. 16, 1965 A 1 l. BENJAMEN 3,169,365

APPARATUS FOR cooLING AN EXHAUST MANIFOLD Filed March 29,4 1961 2 sheets-sheet 2 INV EN TR. ma [bmw/MEN nited States Patent 3,169,365 APPARATUS EGR CHNG AN EXHAUST MANEFLD Lysle l. Beinamen, Birmingham, Mich., assigner to Eaton Manufacturing Compan tleveland, Shia, a corporation of hio Filed Mar. 29, 1%1, Ser. No. 9,56 lil Claims. {QL oli-3D a passageway in the exhaust manifold, there has long been H a problem in being able to prevent localized overheating, corrosive disintegration, differential heating, hot spots and cracking of the exhaust manifold and, more particularly, the localized overheating, corrosive disintegration, diilerential heating, hotspots and cracking of the exhaust manifolds are greater and more prevalent when the exhaust manifolds are manufactured of a cast aluminum, or some other similar type of material.

One of the solutions in the prevention of such localized overheating, corrosive disintegration, differential heating, hot spots and cracking of exhaust manifolds has been to provide the exhaust manifold with a fluid coolant jacket and to employ water as a cooling lluid. However, when such a iluid coolant jacket is employed, it will normally take the form of a coolant chamber which is disposed about and around the passageway through which the exhaust gases pass through the exhaust manifold with the coolant chamber generally being defined by spaced apart substantially concentrically disposed wall portions. In this type of exhaust manifold, it is then necessary to provide inlet ports which convey the exhaust gases from the combustion chambers of the engine block into the exhaust gas passageway of the exhaust manifold and these exhaust gas inlet ports extend into, close oil and obstruct areas of the coolant chamber so that the flow of liquid coolant therethrough is obstructed, impaired and otherwise fails to cool the inlet ports in the downstream side of the liquid coolant flow together with the parts of the exhaust manifold which are immediately adjacent thereto. In this way, the coolant tluid is not eiective to cool the downstream inlet ports and the regional areas of the exhaust manifold that are adjacent thereto and does not elfectively eliminate or prevent the localized overheating, corrosive disintegration, differential heating, hot spots or cracking of the exhaust manifold, since the fluid coolant is more effective on the upstream side, immediately adjacent to the obstruction created by the exhaust gas inlet ports which extend through the coolant chamber, and less effective on the downstream side thereof.

Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide apparatus for dissipating heat created in an exhaust manifold which will effectively prevent localized overheating, corrosive disintegration, differential heating, hot spots and cracking of the manifold.

It is also an object of this invention to provide apparatus for an exhaust manifold which enables a iluid coolant to pass in a generally helical path or swirling manner around the exhaust manifold.

It is a further object of this invention to provide apparatus for an exhaust manifold having an exhaust gas passageway and inlet ports which comprises a iluid coolant. conveying chamber disposed about the exhaust gas pasr, ICC

sageway and the inlet ports in the exhaust manifold and means within the confines of the conveying chamber which induces a lluid coolant to pass therethrough in a swirling substantially helical path relative to the exhaust gas passageway.

It is also a further object of this invention to provide apparatus for dissipating heat in an exhaust manifold formed from cast aluminum, aluminum alloy, or other similar material.

An additional object of this invention is to provide an exhaust manifold with apparatus that will enable a coolant lluid to flow in a substantially continuous unobstructed helical path or swirling manner throughout the substantial length and over the substantial entire area of the exhaust manifold.

It is also an additional object of this invention to provide an exhaust manifold having a plurality of exhaust gas inlet ports disposed at longitudinal space intervals therealong with apparatus which enables a coolant fluid to ilow in a swirling manner relative to the exhaust manifold and thereby substantially dissipate heat created in and adjacent the downstream inlet ports by the exhaust gases which pass through the inlet ports and the exhaust manifold in a manner which will prevent any localized overheating, corrosive disintegration, diiferential heating, hot spots and cracking to occur in the inlet ports and the exhaust manifold.

In order to overcome the disadvantages which exist to the known types of apparatus and methods of cooling exhaust manifolds now being employed and to accomplish the objects, as stated above, this invention provides an exhaust manifold having an exhaust gas passageway and a plurality of substantiallyA longitudinally aligned exhaust gas inlet ports disposed at longitudinal space intervals therealong with apparatus in the form of a iluid coolant conveying chamber or jacket which substantially surrounds the exhaust gas passageway in the exhaust manifold and the inlet ports therein with the lluid coolant conveying chamber being provided with a passageway dencd by baille or web-like means disposed within the confines of the fluid coolant conveying chamber which enables the fluid coolant to pass from one end, the upstream end portion, of the exhaust manifold to the other end, the downstream end portion thereof, in a substantially continuous helical flow path or in swirling manner relative to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust manifold so that the lluid coolant will be effective to dissipate heat from the surface area of the exhaust manifold and the exhaust gas inlet ports, and particularly to both the upstream and downstream sides of the exhaust gas inlet ports which are normally defined by wall portions that extend through the fluid coolant conveying chamber and which will normally amount to and create an obstruction, impediment or hindrance to the flow of the iluid coolant through the fluid coolant conveying chamber. The provision of the baille or web-like structure which creates the liquid coolant helical flow path or induces the liquid coolant to ilow in a swirling manner'through the fluid coolant conveying chamber not only enables the fluid coolant to dissipate heat from both the upstream and downstream exhaust gas inlet ports, but also enables the coolant fluid to dissipate heat throughout the longitudinal extent of the exhaust manifold and particularly, the parts thereof which are adjacent to the downstream side of the exhaust gas inlet ports so that the iluid coolant is effective in the dissipation of the heat created by the exhaust gases which pass irst through the exhaust gas inlet ports andv then through the exhaust gas passageway in the exhaust manifold in a manner which prevents any localized overheating, corrosive disintegration, differential heating, hot spots and cracking in the exhaust manifold and the exhaust gas inlet ports therein.

Other objects, advantages and important features of the invention will be vapparent from the study of the specification following, taken with the drawing, which together describe, disclose and illustrate the preferred embodiment of the invention and what is now considered and believed to be the best mode of practicing the principals thereof. Still other embodiments, arrangements or modiications may be suggested to those having the benefit of les,

Y the exhaust gases pass/to sive disintegration, differential heating, hot spots and cracking therein;

FIGURE 2 Vis an enlarged partial side longitudinal elevational View taken along the line 2-2 of FIGURE 1 looking in the direction of the arrows. view of the upstream side of the exhaust manifold and FIGURE 3 is Van enlarged and elevational sectionalV view of the upstream side of theV exhaust manifold and apparatus as illustrated in FIGURE 1, .taken along the line 3 3 and looking in the direction of the arrows therein;

FIGURE 4 is an enlarged partial isometric side longitudinal elevational View of the exhaust manifold and apparatus as illustrated in FIGURE 1 taken along the line 4 4 looking to the direction of the arrows therein, and

FIGURE 5 is an end elevational sectional View ofthe downstream` side of the exhaust manifold and apparatus of the invention, taken ,along the line 5'-5 of FIGURE 4 looking in the direction of the arrows. Y

Attention is now directed to FIGURE 1 of the drawing wherein there is illustrated an elongated substantially cylindrical exhaust manifold 1i! and apparatus 12 for cooling the exhaust manifold 10, as will be explained in more detail hereinafter.

The exhaust manifold Iii Vis preferably formed of Vcast aluminum, or some other like material, wherein the exhaust gases which pass therethrough will normally, in the absence of the apparatus 12, create localized overheating, corrosive disintegration, diferential heating throughout the extent of the exhaust manifold, hot spots, etc. or the like, with the result being that the exhaust manifold will fail to properly function by reason of cracks and/or holes being created therein.

A wall portion 14 defines a substantially cylindrical elongated unobstructed open ended exhaust gas passageway 16 which may extend V'throughout the full longitudinal extent of the exhaust manifold 16 from one end portion 18 to the other end portion 20, hereinafter referred to as the upstream and the downstream sides of the exhaust Vmanifold 1G, respectively.

The exhaust manifold 10 andthe apparatus 12 are removably secured to an engine block 22, shown schematically, by suitable securing means 24, which may be in the form of lug .portions that are integral with the wallp'ortion 14, as illustrated in FIGURES 2 and 5 of the drawing. l Y

Itis to be noted that the wall portion 14 has that part thereof which is away from the engine block 22 formed substantially continuous and unobstructed white that part lof the wall portion 14 which is closest to the engine block 22 is provided withra plurality 'of outwardly extending wall portions`26 which define a Vplurality or series of longitudinally aligned exhaust gas inlet ports 2S which are disposed at longitudinal space intervals therealong andwhich place the combustion chambers of the engine block 22 in communication with the exhaust gasY passageway 16 in the exhaust manifold 1t) through which an exhaust pipe 30. It is to be noted that in the passage of the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber of the engine block 22 to the exhaust pipe 3i), as indicated by the arrows in FIGURE l of the drawing, that after the exhaust gases leave the inlet ports 28 there is an abrupt change in the direction in the flow of the exhaust gases with such change being substantially 90 degrees from the iiow of the exhaust gases through the inlet ports 28 and it is this labrupt change in the flow of the exhaust gases which normally creates and maintains a heat differential, corrosive disintegration, localized overheating and hot spots in the exhaust manifold 10 in the regional areas of the inlet ports 28.

In order to dissipate, eliminate and otherwise prevent the localized overheating, corrosive disintegration, differential heating and hot spots in the wall portion 14 of the exhaust manifold 1G and in the wall portions 26 of the inlet .ports 28, the apparatus 12 is provided to effectively c'ool the surface of the wall portion 14 of the exhaust manifold 1h throughout substantially the entire surface extent thereof andparticularly the wall portions 2d of the inlet ports 2S' and the regional areas of the wall'portion 14 which are adjacent to the wall portions 26.

The apparatus 12 comprises a header device 32 which cioses o the upstream side 18 'of the exhaust gas passageway 1,6 of the exhaust manifold 10. The header device 32 is provided with a chamberl 34 and a neck portion 35 having an opening 3S therein to which there may be connected a conduit 40 for placing the chamber 34 in communication with Va source of fluid coolant, as indicated by the legend in FIG. 1 of the drawing. The header device 32 may also be provided with a centraily disposed opening which may be connected to conduit 42, in a somewhat conventional manner, to introduce additional coolant as required by thermal system considerations.

'I'herapparatus 12 further comprises an Iouter wall portion 44 which is disposed in outwardly spaced relationship relative to the wall portion 14 of the exhaust gas passageway 16 of the exhaust manifold 1t) and defines with the wall portion 14 a coolingv jacket having a fluid coolant conveying chamber 46 which is in communication through openings 48 with the chamber 34 of the header device 32. It is to be noted that the wall portions 26 which define the inlet ports 2S extended between the spaced apart wall portions 14 and 44 and through the iiuid coolant chamber d5 and in eifectrconstitute and create obstructions, impediments and obstacles to a iiow of fluid coolant from the upstream side 18 (the left side of FIGURE 1) to the downstream side 20 (the right side of FIGURE l) of the exhaust manifold 1t) so that in absence of other structure, a iiow of fluid coolant from the chamber 34 'of the header device 32 through the openings 48 into the iiuid coolant chamber 46 and then to an outlet 5t! would be impaired, obstructed and otherwise fail to suiciently cool the downstream inlet ports 28, the downstream side of the wall portions 26 of the inlet ports 28 together with the regional `areas of the'wallportion 14 which are adjacentV thereto so that the fluid coolant would not be effective `in cooling the exhaust manifold 10.

In order that the downstream inlet ports 2S, the downstream wall portions 26 of theinlet ports 28 and the regional areas of the wall yportion 14 of the exhaust manifold 10 whichV are immediately adjacent thereto mayi be effectively cooled, there is provided baffle or web-like means 52 which as illustrated in FIGURESV 1 and 5 of the drawing, preferably comprises elongate structure such -as a series or arrangement of a plurality of substantially straight members disposed within the confines of theV fluid conveying chamber 46 and extending generally longitudinally therethrough in substantially parallel relationship to each other and generally circumferentially about the exhaust gas passageway 16 at locations along the chamber 45 which may be laterally opposed to and intermediate-of adjacent ones of theexhaust gas inlet ports 28 with the structure 52 being in circumferentially offset relationship relative to the inlet ports ZS, note FIG. of the drawing. The baffle-like or web-like structure 52, in effect, extends from adjacent the upstream side i3 to adjacent the downstream side 2t) of the exhaust manifold and will induce or create a substantially continuous helical ow path or how in a swirling action for the uid coolant relative to the longitudinal axis A-A of the exhaust manifold 10 with the helical flow path or swirling action of the coolant fluid being eective to suihciently cool not only the surface area of the wall portion it of the exhaust manifold 1t), but also highly effective in cooling the downstream inlet ports 28, the upstream and the downstream sides of the wall portions 26 of the inlet ports 2S and the regional areas of the wall portion 14 of the exhaust manifold 1i) which are adjacent thereto in a manner which will eliminate and prevent localized overheating, diierential heating, hot spots and cracking of the wall portion 14 of the exhaust manifold 10 and wall portions 26 of the inlet ports 28.

In actual practice, it has been found most desirable and the best results have been acquired when the series or arrangement of batflelike or web-like means 52 is disposed at an inclined angle of approximately 45 degrees from the longitudinal axis A-A. However, it is to be understood that the series or arrangement of the baffle-like or web-like means 5?. may be disposed or inclined relative to the axis A-A at other angles than that of approximately 45 degrees, longitudinally positioned at other locations which may be laterally opposed to or in other ways circumferentially offset relative to the inlet ports 28 and, if desired, being symmetrically curved or helically shaped or in non-parallel or curved relationship relative to each other so long as the series or arrangement of the bafdelilre or web-like means 52 will be suiciently inclined, disposed and positioned to induce or create the desired substantially continuous helical iiow path or swirling action in the uid coolant from the upstream side 18 to the downstream side of the exhaust manifold iti as the iiuid coolant passes through the huid coolant conveying chamber 46.

It is to be noted that the wall portion 44 of the apparatus 12 is spaced from the wall portion 14 of the exhaust manifold 10 a greater distance adjacent to the wall portions 26 of the inlet ports 2S than the spacing between 4the wall portions i4 and 14 along the part of the exhaust manifold 10 which is laterally opposed thereto so that the cross-sectional area of the iiuid coolant passageway in the uid coolant conveying chamber 4d is substantially equal throughout the full extent thereof.

As illustrated, a connector 54 may be provided at the downstream side 2d of the exhaust manifold i@ for connecting the exhaust pipe thereto and, if desired, suitable fiuid coolant structure may be provided for cooling the exhaust pipe 30 adjacent to the connector 54.

Also, as illustrated, and in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the exhaust manifold 1t) and the apparatus 12 are formed integral as a unitary structure with the Wall portion 14, the Wall portions 26, the wall portion 44, the baffle-like structure 52, the securing means 24, the outlet 5t) etc., all being preferably cast from aluminum, or some other like material.

From the above description and disclosure, it is believed that the apparatus i2 enables the fluid coolant to pass about the wall portion 14 'of the exhaust manifold 10 and the wall portions 26 of the inlet ports 26 in a substantially continuous helical flow path or swirling action that will assure the cooling of the surface area of the wall porti-on 14 of the exhaust manifold 10 together with the downstream inlet ports 28 as well as the upstream and downstream sides of the Wall portions 25 of the inlet ports 28 and the regional areas of the wall portion i4 of the exhaust manifold 1) that are immediately adjacent thereto in a manner which will effectively dissipate the heat therefrom so that localized overheating, corrosive 6 disintegration, differential heating and hot spots will be eliminated and prevented.

While the invention has been described and disclosed in terms as of the preferred embodiment, which it has assumed in practice, the scope of the invention should not be deemed to be limited to the precise embodiment herein shown, illustrated, described and disclosed, and it is to be understood that other such embodiments, arrangements or modifications are intended to be reserved especially as they fall Within the scope of the claims herein subjoined.

I claim:

1. In an exhaust manifold having an exhaust gas passageway, a duid coolant conveying chamber and an exhaust gas inlet port extending from said exhaust gas passageway through the iiuid coolant conveying chamber to create an obstruction therein to the flow of iiuid coolant therethrough, the improvement comprising, in combination with said fluid coolant conveying chamber, apparatus for inducing a fluid coolant to flow with swirling action through the iluid coolant conveying chamber, said apparatus comprising baffle-like means disposed within the fluid coolant conveying chamber and extending therethrough and terminating at locations therein which are circumferentially offset relative to the exhaust gas inlet port.

2. In combination with an exhaust manifold having an exhaust gas passageway and a plurality of exhaust gas inlet ports, apparatus for cooling the inlet ports as well as the exhaust manifold, said apparatus comprising a fluid coolant conveying chamber substantially surrounding the inlet ports and the exhaust gas passageway, a device for placing a source of iiuid coolant in communication with said duid coolant conveying chamber, and means disposed within the confines of the fluid coolant conveying chamber for inducing uid coolant to ow in a substantially swirling manner relative to the exhaust gas passageway from one end portion to the other end portion of the 4fluid coolant conveying chamber, said bathe-like means comprising an arrangement of elongate members disposed in spaced apart relationship relative to each other and in circumferentially offset relationship relative to the inlet ports which are adjacent thereto.

3. In combination with an exhaust manifold having a plurality of longitudinally aligned spaced apart exhaust gas inlet ports and an exhaust gas passageway therethrough, apparatus for cooling the inlet ports as well as the exhaust manifold, said apparatus comprising a fluid coolant conveying chamber disposed about the inlet ports and the exhaust gas passageway, a device for placing a source of fluid coolant in communication with said fluid coolant conveying chamber, and structure within the contines of the fluid coolant conveying chamber for inducing fluid coolant to dow from one end portion to the other end portion thereof with swirling action relative to the exhaust gas passageway to effectively cool the inlet ports which may be positioned to the downstream side of the exhaust manifold, said structure comprising a plurality of spaced apart elongate members each being disposed in circumferentially offset relationship relative to the inlet ports which are adjacent thereto.

4. An exhaust manifold comprising elongate substantially cylindrical inner and outer spaced apart wall portions, said inner wall portion defining an exhaust gas passageway, said inner and outer wall portions defining a fluid coolant chamber disposed about said exhaust gas passageway, a plurality of longitudinally aligned spaced apart exhaust gas inlet ports for placing the exhaust gas passageway in communication with combustion chambers of an engine, said exhaust gas inlet ports each being defined by a wall portion extending through the fluid coolant chamber, a device disposed adjacent one end portion of the exhaust manifold for placing iiuid coolant in communication with the huid coolant chamber, and apparatus for inducing swirling action in the ilow of said d fluid coolant throughsaidl uid coolant chamber, said apparatus comprising a pluralityof spaced apart bafflelikc structures, each ot said structures being disposed Vwithin the connes of the iluid coolant chamber at a location therein which is circumferentially odset relative to the exhaust gas inlet ports that are adjacent thereto.

' 5. Apparatus for eliectively cooling an exhaustrmanifold having an exhaust gas inlet port and an exhaust gas passageway, said apparatus comprising a fluid coolant conveyng chamber disposed about the passageway and the inlet port, and an arrangement of a series of elongate spaced apart battle-like structures disposed within the confines of the fluid coolant conveying chamber in offset relationship relative to the inlet port for inducing a huid coolant passing therethrough to `flow in a swirling manner relative to the exhaust gas passageway and about the exhaust gas inlet port. Y

6. in an exhaust manifold having an exhaust gas passageway, a fluid coolant conveying chamber disposed about said exhaust gas passageway and an exhaust gas inlet port which creates an obstruction to the flow of iluid coolant disposed within the contines oi the huid coolant conveying chamber, the improvement comprising, in combination with said fluid coolant conveying chamber,

apparatus for inducing lluidv coolant to flow with a swirling action through the fluid coolant conveyingA ,chamber relative to the exhaust gas passageway and about the obstruction in the uid coolant conveyingY chamber, said apparatus comprising an elongate baille-like structure disposed within the coniines of the huid coolant conveying chamber and extending therethrough at a location therein which is circumfercntially olset relative to the obstruction created by the exhaust gas inlet port. 7. In combination Awith an exhaust manifold having an exhaustV gas inlet portV and an exhaust gas passageway therethrough,

apparatus for cooling theinlet port as well as the exhaust manifold, said apparatus comprising a iluid coolant conveying chamber extending about the exhaust gas inlet port and the exhaust gas passageway, said `iluid coolant conveying chamber having a crosssectional area which is substantially 'equal throughout the extent thereof and a cross-sectional configuration4 apparatus for cooling the inlet ports as well as the ex haust manifold, said apparatus comprising a fluid coolant conveying' chamberY extending aboutl the exhaust gas `inlet ports and the exhaust gas pas-Y sageway,

said uid coolant conveying chamber having a cross- Y sectional area which is substantially equal throughout the extent thereof and a cross-sectional coniguration which varies therealong, and

ystructure for inducngra uid coolant to ow through the tluid coolant conveying chamber with a swirling action relative to the exhaust gas passageway'and about the inlet ports,

said structure comprising a plurality of elongate members disposed within the contines of the iiuid coolant conveying chamber in spaced relationship relative to each other and in circumferentially koffset relationship relative to the inlet ports which are adjacent thereto.

9. ln an exhaust manifold having-an exhaust gas passageway, a iiuid coolant conveying chamber disposed about the exhaust gaspassageway and a plurality of exhaust gas inlet ports extending from said exhaust gas passageway through the fluid coolant conveying chamber,

, the improvement comprising, in combinationwith said fluid coolant conveying chamber, apparatus for inducing huid coolant to ow through the fluid coolant conveying chamber Vin a substantially swirling manner relative to the.

exhaust gas passageway and about said inlet ports, said apparatus comprising a series of elongate bathe-like structures disposed within the lluid coolant conveying chamber Vand'extending therethrough from adjacent one end -portion of the exhaust gas passageway to adjacent the other end portion thereof, said structures beingpositioned in cireumterentially offset relationship relativeto the inletl ports andtin spaced relationship relative to each other.v

, '10. An exhaust manifold comprising inner and outer spaced apart wall portions, said inner wall portion de-.

lining an exhaust gas passageway, said inner and outer wall portions'dening a uid coolant chamber, an inlet port extending through said fluid coolant chamber for placing the exhaust gas passageway in communication with a combustion chamber of an engine, a device for v placing iiuid coolant in communication with the tluid coolant chamber, and apparatus for inducing a iluid coolant to ilow throughsaid fluid coolant chamber in a swirling manner relative to the exhaust gas passageway and about the inlet port, said apparatus comprising an arrangement of baille-like means disposed within the confines of the fluid coolant chamber in circumferentially offset relationship relative to the inlet port.

Reierences Qited in the tile ot' this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,231,2es sammler rune 26, 1917 2,125,703 wiuiams Auge, 193s 2,177,686 Bracken et al. Oct. 31, 1939 

1. IN AN EXHAUST MANIFOLD HAVING AN EXHAUST GAS PASSAGEWAY, A FLUID COOLANT CONVEYOR CHAMBER AND AN EXHAUST GAS INLET PORT EXTENDING FROM SAID EXHAUST GAS PASSAGEWAY THROUGH THE FLUID COOLANT CONVEYOR CHAMBER TO CREATE AN OBSTRUCTION THEREIN TO THE FLOW OF FLUID COOLANT THERETHROUGH, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION WITH SAID FLUID COOLANT CONVEYING CHAMBER, APPARATUS FOR INDUCING A FLUID COOLANT TO FLOW WITH SWIRLING ACTION THROUGH THE FLUID COOLANT CONVEYING CHAMBER, SAID 